Research Design In this study, a mixed-method approach was employed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, and spatial dynamics within Malaysian public housing. The use of diverse methods—household surveys, cultural mapping, rapid assessment, Open Day validation, systems mapping, cognitive mapping, ethnographic study, site observation, and spatial mapping—allowed for an in-depth, multidimensional analysis, recognizing the complex interplay of factors that affect residents’ quality of life.

Mixed-method research combines quantitative rigor with qualitative depth, enabling triangulation of data and enhancing the validity of findings (Creswell & Clark, 2017). By integrating different data types and collection methods, this approach uncovers insights that might remain obscured in a single-method study, fostering a nuanced understanding of public housing challenges and opportunities (Greene, Caracelli, & Graham, 1989).